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Luxembourg Population and Religion percentage
Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. With an area of 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi), Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe.
According to the Statistics Bureau Luxembourg, As of January 1, 2024, Luxembourg’s population stands at 672,050, reflecting a 1.7% increase from the previous year. This growth is primarily driven by migration, with 26,964 people arriving and 16,588 leaving the country. However, the birth rate continues to decline, with 6,320 births in 2023, resulting in a fertility rate of just 1.25 children per woman, the lowest in decades.
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| Luxembourg | 2022 Population |
| Total Population | 672,050 |
| Global Rank | 168 |
| Land Area | 2,586 sq. km (998 sq. mi) |
| Area Rank | 168 |
| Pop. Density | 260 people/sq. km |
| Capital City | Luxembourg City |
Luxembourg 2024 Demographic Highlights
Population Growth
- As of January 1, 2024, Luxembourg’s population is 672,050, marking a 1.7% increase from the previous year.
- Growth was lower than in 2022 (2.4%), which had a spike due to Ukrainian refugees.
Birth Rate & Fertility Decline
- 6,320 births in 2023 (a drop of 2.7% from 2022).
- Fertility rate: 1.25 children per woman (lowest in decades).
- Luxembourg women have an even lower fertility rate (1.09) compared to foreign women (1.43).
Mortality & Life Expectancy
- 4,431 deaths in 2023, slightly fewer than in 2022.
- Life expectancy: 85.0 years (women), 81.0 years (men).
Migration Trends
- 26,964 immigrants arrived in 2023, while 16,588 people left.
- Net migration: 10,376 people.
- Main immigrants: Portuguese (3,638), French (3,145), Italians (1,947).
Nationality & Diversity
- 23% of Luxembourgers hold dual nationality.
- 47.3% of residents are foreigners.
- Top foreign communities: Portuguese (13.5%), French (7.3%), Italians (3.7%).
Marriage & Divorce
- 2,539 marriages in 2023 (+2.6% from 2022).
- 1,359 divorces in 2023 (+9.3% increase).
- Average marriage duration before divorce: 12.9 years.
Source: Statistics Luxembourg
Religion in Luxembourg
Christianity is the largest religion in Luxembourg and 73.2% of the population follows Christianity. Among Christians, Catholics are the largest denomination, with 63.8% adhering to it. Next comes Orthodox Christians (3.0%), Protestants (1.8% ), and other Christians.
Islam is followed by 2.6% of the population and 0.6% are followers of other non-Christian religions. 23.4% of the population doesn’t affiliate with any religion.
Religion percentage in Luxembourg
| Religion | Percentage |
| Christianity | 73.2% |
| – Roman Catholic | – 63.80% |
| – Orthodox Christians | – 3% |
| – Protestants | – 1.8% |
| – Other Christian | – 4.6% |
| Islam | 2.6% |
| Other | 0.6% |
| No religion | 23.4% |
Source: Census 2018
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Largest Cities in Luxembourg by Population
Luxembourg City is the capital and the largest municipality in the country, with a population of 134,700, which makes up about 20% of Luxembourg’s total population. The southern region, particularly the Canton of Esch-sur-Alzette, is home to several of the most populous municipalities, including Esch-sur-Alzette, Differdange, and Dudelange. In contrast, the northern municipalities, such as Wiltz and Diekirch, have smaller populations compared to those in the central and southern regions.
| Rank | Municipality | Population |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luxembourg City | 134,700 |
| 2 | Esch-sur-Alzette | 37,500 |
| 3 | Differdange | 29,500 |
| 4 | Dudelange | 21,800 |
| 5 | Pétange | 20,800 |
| 6 | Sanem | 18,900 |
| 7 | Hesperange | 16,500 |
| 8 | Ettelbruck | 9,500 |
| 9 | Diekirch | 7,500 |
| 10 | Wiltz | 6,500 |